He mauʻu ka ʻohe, he mea kanu herbaceous nui akā haʻahaʻa i loko o ka ʻohana mauʻu (Poaceae) me kekahi mau ʻano kūikawā: ʻO nā mea kanu pākahi o kekahi mau ʻano e ulu ana mai 70 cm a i hoʻokahi mika (27.5 ʻīniha a me 39.3 ʻīniha). . Hiki ke hopu i ʻekolu a ʻehā manawa ka nui o ke kalapona ʻokikene i kēlā me kēia lā ma mua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, pua ia i kēlā me kēia 100 a 150 mau makahiki ma ka awelika akā make, ʻaʻole i hohonu kona aʻa ma mua o 100 cm (39.3 in), ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e oʻo ai, hiki i kona mau kumu ke piʻi i 25 mika (82.02 ft) i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki wale nō, a hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka malu a hiki i 60 mau manawa o ka ʻāina, akā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mika kuea. ʻO Manuel Trillo lāua ʻo Antonio Vega-Rioja, ʻelua mau biologist i aʻo ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Seville ma ka hema o Sepania, ua hana i ka hale hānai ʻohe mua loa i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa. ʻO kā lākou lab he lab botanical no ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pono āpau a kahi mea kanu e hāʻawi ai, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā manaʻo mua o ka poʻe e pili ana i kēia mau pono ma mua o nā aʻa o ka mea kanu.
Aia nā hōkele, nā hale, nā kula a me nā alahaka ʻohe. ʻO ka mauʻu ulu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua, hāʻawi kēia mauʻu i ka meaʻai, ka oxygen, a me ka malu, a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mahana o ke kaiapuni a hiki i ka 15 degere Celsius i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻili i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā. Eia nō naʻe, ke kaumaha nei ia i ka manaʻo ʻia he ʻano invasive, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he 20 wale nō o nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia he 1,500 i manaʻo ʻia he invasive, a ma kekahi mau wahi wale nō.
"Kumu mai ka hoʻokae ʻana mai ka huikau ʻana i ke kumu me ke ʻano. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi he ʻōiwi maoli nā ʻuala, nā tōmato a me nā ʻalani i ʻEulopa, akā ʻaʻole lākou he mea komo hewa. ʻAʻole e like me nā mea kanu, aia nā aʻa ʻohe ma waenakonu. Hoʻopuka wale ia i hoʻokahi kumu [lālā mai ka wāwae hoʻokahi, nā pua a i ʻole nā kākalaioa]," wahi a Vega Rioja.
Ua lilo ka makuakāne o Vega Rioja, he mea kālai hale loea, i mea hoihoi i kēia mau hale hana. Ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i kona makemake i kāna keiki kāne ma ke ʻano he biologist a, me kāna hoa ʻo Manuel Trillo, ua hoʻokumu i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua mea kanu ecological e aʻo a hōʻike i kēia mau mea kanu ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonaninani, ʻoihana a me bioclimatic. ʻO kēia kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo La Bambuseria, aia kekahi mau kilomita mai ke kapikala o Andalusia, a ʻo ia ka hale hānai ʻohe mua ʻaʻole invasive ma ʻEulopa.
"Ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i 10,000 mau hua, 7,500 o ia mau mea i kupu mai, a ua koho ʻia ma kahi o 400 no ko lākou ʻano," wahi a Vega Rioja. Ma kāna keʻena hoʻokolohua mea kanu, e uhi ana i hoʻokahi hectare wale nō (2.47 ʻeka) ma ke awāwa momona o ka muliwai ʻo Guadalquivir, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻano like ʻole i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kūlana aniau like ʻole: hiki i kekahi o lākou ke kū i nā mahana a hiki i -12 degere Celsius (10.4 degere Celsius). Fahrenheit). nā mahana a ola i nā ʻino hoʻoilo o Philomena, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e ulu ana ma nā wao nahele. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻāina ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui me nā mahi pua nānālā a me nā mahi ʻuala e pili ana. ʻO ka mahana o ke alanui asphalt ma ke komo ʻana he 40 degere Celsius (104 degere Fahrenheit). ʻO ka mahana ma ka hale hānai he 25.1 degere Celsius (77.2 degere Fahrenheit).
ʻOiai ma kahi o 50 mau limahana e ʻohi ana i ka ʻuala ma lalo o 50 mika mai ka hōkele, ʻo nā leo manu wale nō ke lohe ʻia i loko. Ua aʻo pono ʻia nā pono o ka ʻohe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopū leo a ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi he mea kūpono ia e hoʻopū leo.
Akā, nui loa ka hiki o kēia pilikua lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻohe, ka mea i lilo i kumu o ka ʻai a ka panda pilikua a me kona ʻano, ua noho ia i ke ola kanaka mai ka wā kahiko mai, e like me ka Scientific Reports.
ʻO ke kumu o kēia hoʻomau ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kumu meaʻai, ʻaʻole i hoʻopoina ʻia e nā kānaka kona ʻano kūikawā, i kālailai ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana o ka National Science Review. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hāmeʻa i nā hoʻolālā like ʻole a i ʻole e mālama i ka ikehu a hiki i ka 20% i ka wā e lawe ana i nā ukana kaumaha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kākoʻo maʻalahi. "Hiki i kēia mau mea hana kupaianaha akā maʻalahi ke hōʻemi i ka hana lima o nā mea hoʻohana," wahi a Ryan Schroeder o ke Kulanui o Calgary ma ka Journal of Experimental Biology.
ʻO kekahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma GCB Bioenergy e wehewehe ana pehea e hiki ai i ka ʻohe ke lilo i kumuwaiwai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu hou. "ʻO Bioethanol a me biochar nā huahana nui e hiki ke loaʻa," wahi a Zhiwei Liang mai ke Kulanui ʻo Hungarian o ka Mahiʻai a me nā ʻEpekema Ola.
ʻO ke kī i ka versatility o ka ʻohe, ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā olonā i loko o kona cylinder hakahaka, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e hoʻonui i kona ikaika a me ka hiki ke kulou. "ʻO ka hoʻohālike ʻana i ka māmā a me ka ikaika o ka ʻohe, kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo biomimicry, ua holomua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia he nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea," wahi a Motohiro Sato o ke Kulanui ʻo Hokkaido, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kākau o ka noiʻi Plos One. Ma muli o kēia, ʻo nā membrane wai o ka ʻohe e lilo ia i mea kanu ulu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua, a ua hoʻoikaika kēia i kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui ʻo Queensland o Technology e hoʻomohala i nā electrodes pākahiko ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana.
He nui loa nā ʻano hoʻohana a me nā noi o ka ʻohe, mai ka hana ʻana i nā lako kīhini biodegradable a hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā paikikala a i ʻole nā lako hale ma nā wahi āpau o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻelua mau mea olaola Sepania ma kēia ala. "ʻAʻole mākou i haʻalele i ka noiʻi," wahi a Trillo, nāna e hoʻohui i kona ʻike i ka biology me ka ʻike i ka mahiʻai. Ua ʻae nā mea noiʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i ka papahana me ka ʻole o kāna aʻo ʻana, āna i loaʻa mai kona hoalauna ʻo Emilio Jiménez me ke kēkelē laeoʻo.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua botanical i hoʻolilo iā Vega-Rioja i mea hoʻopuka ʻohe kū kānāwai mua ma Thailand. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia a me Trillo i ka hoʻokolohua ʻana me ka hoʻohuihui ʻana e hana i nā mea kanu me nā ʻano kikoʻī ma muli o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana a i ʻole ka wahi ulu, a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka honua no nā hua kū hoʻokahi e hiki ke uku a hiki i $10 kēlā me kēia e hana ai a hiki i 200 mau ʻano hānai.
ʻO kahi noi me ka hiki koke a me nā hopena pōkole koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo malu i pale ʻia e nā pepeke ma kekahi mau wahi kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hopena bioclimatic me ka hoʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻana i ka lepo (hiki ke kanu ʻia ka ʻohe i loko o kahi loko ʻauʻau) me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻia. wahi i kūkulu ʻia.
Kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i nā wahi kokoke i nā alaloa nui, nā pā kula, nā wahi ʻoihana, nā plaza ākea, nā pā hale noho, nā alanui nui, a i ʻole nā wahi i nele i nā mea kanu. Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou ʻaʻole ka ʻohe he hopena ʻē aʻe no nā mea kanu kūloko, akā he mea hana ʻoki no nā wahi e pono ai ka uhi wikiwiki ʻana i nā mea kanu. Kōkua kēia i ka hopu ʻana i ka nui o ke kalapona ʻokikene e like me ka hiki, hāʻawi i ka 35% oxygen hou aʻe, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mahana ma 15 degere Celsius i nā kūlana kaiapuni koʻikoʻi.
Loaʻa nā kumukūʻai mai €70 ($77) a i €500 ($550) no ka mika o ka ʻohe, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi o nā ʻano i makemake ʻia. Hiki i ka mauʻu ke hāʻawi i kahi hale e mau no nā haneli mau makahiki, me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa no ka mika kūlike o ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i nā makahiki ʻekolu mua, a me ka emi nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana a me ka hiamoe ʻana.
Hiki iā lākou ke kākoʻo i kēia koi me nā mea kaua ʻepekema. No ka laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi o 293 mau kūlanakauhale ʻEulopa i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Nature ua hoʻopili nā wahi kūlanakauhale, ʻoiai ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo lākou, i ʻelua a ʻehā manawa ka nui o ka wela ma mua o nā wahi i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. Hopu nā ululāʻau ʻohe i ke kalapona ʻokikene ma mua o nā ʻano ululāʻau ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-14-2023
