ʻO ka ʻohe he mauʻu, he mea kanu nui a haʻahaʻa i loko o ka ʻohana mauʻu (Poaceae) me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa: Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu pākahi o kekahi mau ʻano mai 70 knm a hiki i ka mika (27.5 iniha a me 39.3 iniha). . Hiki iā ia ke hopu i ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manawa ʻoi aku ka carbon dioxide i kēlā me kēia lā ma mua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, ua pua ia i kēlā me kēia 100 a 150 mau makahiki ma ka awelika, akā make ia, ʻaʻole hohonu kona mau aʻa ma mua o 100 cm (39.3 in), ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe ke oʻo, ʻo kona mau kumu. hiki ke piʻi i 25 mika (82.02 ft) i loko o ʻekolu makahiki wale nō, a hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka malu a hiki i 60 manawa o ka ʻāpana, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 square. mika. ʻO Manuel Trillo lāua ʻo Antonio Vega-Rioja, ʻelua mau mea olaola i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Seville ma ka hema o Sepania, ua hana i ka hale hānai ʻohe i hōʻoia mua ʻia ma ʻEulopa. ʻO kā lākou lab he hale hana botanical no ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono āpau i loaʻa i ka mea kanu, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka manaʻo o nā kānaka e pili ana i kēia mau pono ma mua o ke aʻa o ka mea kanu.
Aia nā hōkele, nā hale, nā kula a me nā alahaka ʻohe. ʻO ka mauʻu e ulu wikiwiki ana i ka honua, hāʻawi kēia mauʻu i ka meaʻai, oxygen, a me ka malu, a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o ke kaiapuni a hiki i 15 degere Celsius ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahi i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā. Eia nō naʻe, ke kau nei ia i ke kaumaha hoʻopunipuni o ka manaʻo ʻia he ʻano invasive, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he 20 wale nō o ka ʻoi aku o 1,500 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia i manaʻo ʻia he invasive, a ma kekahi mau wahi wale nō.
“Puka mai ka manaʻo hoʻokae mai ka huikau ʻana me ka ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻo ʻEulopa ka ʻuala, ka ʻōmato a me ka ʻalani, akā ʻaʻole ia he invasive. ʻAʻole like me nā mea kanu, aia nā aʻa ʻohe i waenakonu. Hoʻokahi wale nō kumu [lala mai ka wāwae hoʻokahi, nā pua a i ʻole nā kākalaioa], "wahi a Vega Rioja.
ʻO ka makua kāne o Vega Rioja, he mea hoʻolālā loea, ua lilo i mea hoihoi i kēia mau hale hana. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kona makemake i kāna keiki ma ke ʻano he mea olaola, a me kāna hoa hana ʻo Manuel Trillo, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi hale hana mea kanu kaiaola e aʻo a hōʻike i kēia mau mea kanu ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonaninani, ʻoihana a me nā mea bioclimatic. ʻO kēia kahi i kumu o La Bambuseria, aia ma kahi mau kilomita mai ke kapikala ʻo Andalusia, a ʻo ka hale hānai ʻohe non-invasive mua ma ʻEulopa.
"Ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i 10,000 mau ʻanoʻano, 7,500 o ia mau mea i ulu, a koho mākou ma kahi o 400 no ko lākou ʻano," wehewehe ʻo Vega Rioja. I loko o kāna hale hana mea kanu, e uhi ana i hoʻokahi ʻeka wale nō (2.47 ʻeka) ma ke awāwa momona o ka muliwai ʻo Guadalquivir, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i hoʻololi ʻia i nā kūlana climatic like ʻole: hiki i kekahi o lākou ke kū i ka mahana a hiki i -12 degere Celsius (10,4 degere Celsius). Fahrenheit). nā wela a ola i nā ʻino hoʻoilo o ka Philomena, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e ulu ana ma nā wao nahele. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻāina ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui me nā māla lā a me nā māla ʻuala. ʻO ka mahana o ke alanui asphalt ma ka puka komo he 40 degere Celsius (104 degere Fahrenheit). ʻO ka mahana o ka nursery he 25.1 degere Celsius (77.2 degere Fahrenheit).
ʻOiai ma kahi o 50 mau limahana e ʻohi ana i ka ʻuala ma lalo o 50 mika mai ka hōkele, ʻo nā leo manu wale nō ke lohe ʻia i loko. Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā mea maikaʻi o ka ʻohe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe leo a ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana he mea kani kani kūpono.
Akā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki o kēia mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻohe, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o ka panda pilikua a me kona helehelena, aia nō ia i ke ola kanaka mai ka wā kahiko, e like me ka Scientific Reports.
ʻO ke kumu o kēia hoʻomau ʻana ʻo ia ka mea ma waho o kahi kumu meaʻai, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kona ʻano kūikawā, i kālai ʻia ma ka National Science Review study, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia e ka poʻe. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hāmeʻa i nā hoʻolālā like ʻole a i ʻole e mālama i ka ikehu a hiki i ka 20% i ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana kaumaha me nā kākoʻo maʻalahi. "Hiki i kēia mau mea hana kupanaha akā maʻalahi ke hoʻemi i ka hana lima o nā mea hoʻohana," wehewehe ʻo Ryan Schroeder o ke Kulanui o Calgary ma ka Journal of Experimental Biology.
ʻO kekahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma GCB Bioenergy e wehewehe ana pehea e lilo ai ka ʻohe i kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu hou. "ʻO ka bioethanol a me ka biochar nā huahana nui e hiki ke loaʻa," wehewehe ʻo Zhiwei Liang mai ka Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science.
ʻO ke kī o ka maʻalahi o ka ʻohe, ʻo ia ka hoʻohele ʻana o nā fibers i loko o kāna cylinder hollow, i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i mea e hoʻonui ai i kona ikaika a me ka hiki ke kulou. "ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka māmā a me ka ikaika o ka ʻohe, kahi ala i kapa ʻia biomimicry, ua kūleʻa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia he nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea," wahi a Motohiro Sato o ke Kulanui ʻo Hokkaido, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kākau o ka Plos One study. Ma muli o kēia, ʻo ka ʻohe i loko o ka wai e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea kanu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua, a ua hoʻoikaika kēia i kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Queensland e hoʻomohala i nā electrodes ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana.
Nui ka laulā o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻohe, mai ka hana ʻana i nā lako kīhini biodegradable a hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā paikikala a i ʻole nā mea hana ma nā wahi āpau o ka hoʻolālā. Ua hoʻomaka mua nā mea olaola Sepania ʻelua i kēia ala. "ʻAʻole mākou haʻalele i ka noiʻi," wahi a Trillo, pono e hoʻohui i kona ʻike no ka biology me ka ʻike o ka mahiʻai. Ua ʻae ka poʻe noiʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i ka papahana me ka ʻole o kāna aʻo ʻana, i loaʻa iā ia mai kona hoa noho ʻo Emilio Jiménez me kahi kekelē kumu.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā laboratories botanical ua lilo ʻo Vega-Rioja i mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻohe mua ma Thailand. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia a me Trillo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka crossbreeding e hana i nā mea kanu me nā ʻano kikoʻī e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana a i ʻole kahi e ulu ai, a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka honua no nā hua kūʻokoʻa hiki ke kūʻai ʻia a hiki i $10 i kēlā me kēia no ka hoʻohua ʻana i 200 mau ʻano nursery.
ʻO kahi noi me ka hiki koke a me nā hopena pōkole koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo pale i nā pepeke ma kekahi mau wahi kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i nā hoʻonā bioclimatic me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepo (hiki ke kanu ʻia ka ʻohe i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau) me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino. wahi kūkulu ʻia.
Kūkākūkā lākou e pili ana i nā wahi kokoke i ke ala nui, nā pā kula, nā ʻāina ʻoihana, nā plaza hāmama, nā pā hale, nā alahele, a i ʻole nā wahi ulu ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou i ʻōlelo ʻo ka ʻohe ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻē aʻe no nā mea ulu maoli, akā ma ke ʻano he mea hana ʻokiʻoki no nā wahi e pono ai ka uhi ʻana i nā mea kanu wikiwiki. Kōkua kēia i ka hopu ʻana i ka carbon dioxide e like me ka hiki, hāʻawi i 35% ʻoi aku ka oxygen, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mahana ma 15 degere Celsius i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai mai ka €70 ($77) a hiki i ka €500 ($550) no ka mika o ka ʻohe, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano i makemake ʻia. Hiki i ka mauʻu ke hāʻawi i kahi hale i mau haneli mau makahiki, me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa no kēlā me kēia mika square o ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i nā makahiki ʻekolu, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka inu wai ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana a me ka dormancy.
Hiki iā lākou ke kākoʻo i kēia koi me nā mea kaua ʻepekema. No ka laʻana, ʻo kahi noiʻi o 293 mau kūlanakauhale ʻEulopa i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Nature ua ʻike ʻo nā wahi kūlanakauhale, ʻoiai he ʻōmaʻomaʻo lākou, e hoʻopuʻi ʻelua a ʻehā mau manawa ʻoi aku ka wela ma mua o nā wahi i uhi ʻia me nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. hopu ka nahele ohe i ke kalapona kalapona ma mua o nā ʻano ulu lāʻau ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-14-2023
